Saturday, November 7, 2020

Gaining the competitive edge: Patents versus trade secrets

The area of intellectual property encompasses patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. Each of these methods for protecting intangible property rights comes with distinctive features and advantages.  With the rapid growth of technology, many businesses have come up with inventions aimed at giving them a competitive edge. With these inventions comes the risk of having commercially valuable information misappropriated by competitors. To counter this risk, businesses should deploy the avenues available in law in Namibia to protect their interests and enforce their rights.  

Should the company reveal its IP to the world and obtain a patent that will cover its IP for a limited period? Or should the business keep the IP secret forever and shield it by trade secret laws? Choosing the best avenue can pose a dilemma for businesses, which have to decide between patent and trade secrets as a means of protecting their IP.

This article explores the benefits of trade secret and patent as modes of protection and the factors to consider when deciding between

The main aim of intellectual Property rights laws is to promote new technologies, artistic expressions, and inventions while advancing economic growth. A patent is an exclusive right granted to an inventor for a new invention in exchange for disclosing the information to the public. It can either be rights to a product or a process that generally provides a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. The protection is for a limited period of 20 years as provided by the Paris convention and Namibia Industrial Property law.  Since, competitors have access to the products, manufacturing processes, or formula after a patent request is filed, it promotes healthy innovation competition and would result not only in economic significance but also results in technological advancements.

The monopoly for 20 years offers to exclude the others from making, using, selling the invention without the consent of the patent owners.  Any violation of the above would supervene in infringement of the protected inventions and would result in the costly litigations that might result in injunctions, royalties, and damages. Hence, firms would always take necessary legal steps like licensing, assignments before practicing the protected inventions. These will ensure the protection of the economic interests and growth of the innovator companies. Also, patent protection enables the innovator to gain larger market shares and control competition. Furthermore, patenting involves regulatory processes like filing and registration with stricter norms; they offer the highest protection to the inventions by stricter enforced under the law.

On the other hand, it is always not feasible to protect the company's intellectual assets through patents alone. Trade Secrets are of great value in these circumstances and offer to protect confidential information, which is classified as a secret having high commercial viability. Examples of trade secrets include secret recipes used in brewing beers, Coca-Cola products, and the well known KFC.

Since no registration or filing requirements are in place for trade secret protection, there are high risks associated with trade secrets, particularly when the secret is disclosed to a third party. Unauthorized copying and duplicate processes are the major impact factors that would also result in a severe economic impact on the actual owner of the trade secret. Therefore, a company has to take greater measures on its own to protect the confidential information and to maintain the secrecy to the fullest as possible.

Trade secrets offer a profitable option for protection since it does not have to fulfill governmental regulations like applications or registrations. Further, they also offer the companies many advantages like perpetual monopoly until the secret is revealed to a third party. However, they are considered to be the weakest of the IPR protections since it may lose its protection when there is a failure in the face of the company to take reasonable measures to maintain the secrecy.

At the end of the day, both patent and trade secret protection are viable options for proprietors who wish to protect commercially valuable information. Before choosing which means of protection to employ, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits of each method with due regard to the nature of the invention or information, the available resources, the business model, and other surrounding circumstances. Where the inventor desires complete exclusivity over the invention for an extended period, protection through trade secrets may be more attractive. On the other hand, where the inventor requires safety and tangible proprietary rights, patents are probably more viable.


Onesmus K Joseph - MBA, ACIS, BAP, CFIP, PPLCand/MPHIL IP Law 

Governance Professional

josephonesmus@yahoo.com

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